A real estate investment trust (REIT) is a company that owns, operates, or finances income-generating real estate properties, such as office buildings, shopping malls, apartments, hotels, or industrial facilities, and distributes the majority of its taxable income to shareholders in the form of dividends. REITs are publicly traded on stock exchanges and offer investors an opportunity to invest in real estate assets without directly owning or managing properties. REITs provide investors with access to diversified real estate portfolios, steady income streams, potential capital appreciation, and tax advantages, such as pass-through taxation and exemption from corporate income taxes if they distribute at least 90% of their taxable income to shareholders. REITs are classified into different types, including equity REITs, mortgage REITs (mREITs), and hybrid REITs, each focusing on specific real estate sectors, investment strategies, and risk profiles. REITs play a vital role in real estate finance, capital markets, and investment diversification, offering liquidity, transparency, and income-generating opportunities for individual and institutional investors seeking exposure to the real estate sector.

Market capitalization, often referred to as market cap, is a measure of the total value or size of a publicly traded company, calculated by multiplying the current market price per share by the total number of outstanding shares. Market capitalization represents the aggregate market value of a company's equity or ownership stake in the eyes of investors and the financial markets. Market capitalization is an important metric used by investors, analysts, and market participants to assess the relative size, scale, and valuation of companies, compare investment opportunities, and construct diversified portfolios. Companies with higher market capitalizations are typically larger, more established corporations with broader market presence, extensive operations, and diversified revenue streams, while companies with lower market capitalizations may be smaller, growth-oriented firms with higher growth potential or higher risk profiles. Market capitalization is used to classify companies into different categories, such as large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap stocks, based on predefined thresholds. Market capitalization is calculated using the following formula: Market Capitalization = Current Market Price per Share × Total Outstanding Shares. Market capitalization is dynamic and fluctuates based on changes in stock prices and the number of outstanding shares, reflecting investors' perceptions, expectations, and sentiment regarding a company's growth prospects, profitability, risk factors, and overall market conditions.

Net Asset Value (NAV) is a key financial metric used to determine the per-share value of a mutual fund, exchange-traded fund (ETF), or investment trust, representing the fair market value of the fund's total assets minus its liabilities. NAV is calculated by dividing the net assets of the fund by the total number of outstanding shares, providing investors with the intrinsic value of their investment in the fund. NAV is typically calculated at the end of each trading day, based on the closing prices of the fund's underlying assets and the total value of its liabilities, such as management fees, operating expenses, and other costs. NAV serves as a benchmark for investors to assess the performance and valuation of a fund's portfolio, compare investment options, and make informed decisions regarding buying, selling, or holding fund units. NAV is expressed as a per-unit figure and is influenced by changes in the value of the fund's underlying assets, market fluctuations, and fund inflows and outflows, reflecting the overall financial health and investment objectives of the fund.